The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol

One of the types of alcohol that can be bought over the counter is rubbing alcohol, which is used for disinfection and may be applied to the skin to produce a cooling effect. Do you know the chemical composition of rubbing alcohol? It is a mixture of denatured alcohol, water, and agents added to make the alcohol unpalatable to drink. It may also include colorants. There are two common types of rubbing alcohol: Isopropyl alcoholEthyl alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Most rubbing alcohol is made from isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol in water. Isopropyl rubbing alcohol is commonly found at concentrations from 68% alcohol in water up to 99% alcohol in water. The 70% rubbing alcohol is highly effective as a disinfectant. Additives make this alcohol bitter-tasting to try to prevent people from drinking it. Isopropyl alcohol is toxic, in part because the body metabolizes it into acetone. Drinking this alcohol can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, central nervous system depression, organ damage, and potentially coma or death. Ethyl Alcohol The other type of rubbing alcohol consists of 97.5% to 100% denatured ethyl alcohol or ethanol with water. Ethyl alcohol is naturally less toxic than isopropyl alcohol. It is the alcohol that naturally occurs in wine, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. However, the alcohol is denatured or made undrinkable in rubbing alcohol, both to control its use as an intoxicant and because the alcohol has not been purified to make it safe to drink. In the United States, additives make it as toxic as isopropyl alcohol. Rubbing Alcohol in the UK In the United Kingdom, rubbing alcohol goes by the name surgical spirit. The formulation consists of a mixture of ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Rubbing Alcohol in the US In the United States, rubbing alcohol made using ethanol must conform to Formula 23-H, which specifies it consists of 100 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol, 8 parts by volume of acetone, and 1.5 parts by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone. The remainder of the composition includes water and denaturants and may include colorants and perfume oils. Rubbing alcohol made using isopropanol is regulated to contains at least 355 mg of sucrose octaacetate and 1.40 mg of denatonium benzoate per 100 ml volume. Isopropyl rubbing alcohol also contains water, stabilizer, and may contain colorants. Toxicity All rubbing alcohol manufactured in the United States is toxic to ingest or  inhale and can cause excessively dry skin if used often. If you read the product label, youll see there is a warning against most of the common uses of rubbing alcohol. All types of rubbing alcohol, regardless of their country of origin, are flammable. Formulations closer to 70% are less likely to catch fire than rubbing alcohol that contains a higher percentage of alcohol.

Essay on Financial Analysis of Verizon versus ATT

Introduction You would not buy a home, car or other large purchases without researching what product offered you the most for your money. The same is true when investing in a company. Investors do avid research on multiple companies to find what company matches the investors criteria. In this paper Team C will research both ATT and Verizons financial documents. Team C will compare selected ratios, cash flow and make recommendations how both companies can manage cash flow for the future. Financial Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis are useful tools when judging the performance of a company by weighing and evaluating the operating performance (Block-Hirt). There are 13 significant ratios that can separate by four main categories,†¦show more content†¦The company is cutting back on profits earned but not losing value for its investors with price to earnings being favorable at 19.18 (www.hoovers.com). While analyzing AT T a few differences are noted. As with Verizon, the current ratio did improve with an increase of five percent from 58% in 2005 to 63% in 2006. However, even though debt to equity decreased for both companies AT Ts decrease was only 4% compared to Verizons significant decrease of 23%. The net profit margin ratio did opposite changes between the two companies while Verizons increase not even one full percent AT Ts decreased by almost 3%. Even with these significant changes AT Ts price to earnings, as of 2006, was at 20.89 (www.hoovers.com). These variances tell us a couple of things. First, that AT T has taken on more debt in 2006 versus 2005, but along with that debt they have been able to increase their net profit margin, helping the company in the way of earnings. The strong price to earnings ratio of 20.89 also shows that the shareholders are not faring too poorly either. Both companies other ratios that are both similar and different. A further similarity between the two companies the average collection period of only 45 days, even with this similarity the vast difference in the two numbers that create these ratios are overwhelming. While Verizon had little changes in neither their accountsShow MoreRelatedVerizon vs Att1488 Words   |  6 PagesInvestors do avid research on multiple companies to find what company matches the investors criteria. In this paper Team C will research both ATT and Verizons financial documents. Team C will compare selected ratios, cash flow and make recommendations how both companies can manage cash flow for the fut ure. Financial Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis are useful tools when judging the performance of a company by weighing and evaluating the operating performance (Block-Hirt). 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Unbalanced work Free Essays

The cause of the problem in my department is the unbalanced work load between two secretaries, Jack Snyder, who is providing support to two executive members, Ralph Alane Jessica Hilo, and Ruth Disselkoen who is providing support to other two executive members, Samuel Daley Frank Daley. During the long time medical leave of Jessica Hilo, 37% of the work load has been handled by a full time administrative assistant and Jack for the total 80 hours of the week, whereas 63% of the work load has been handled by a part time administrative assistant and Ruth for the total 55 hours of the week. This imbalance in work environment creates stress for Ruth who can’t perform her work perfect, at the same time, makes Jack lazy and irregular. We will write a custom essay sample on Unbalanced work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ruth can’t concentrate in her work even though she works for more hours and the executive members start complain. On the other hand, Jack has enough time to finish his work on time with quality without any stress. This may create friction in the department and so overall quality of the work will go down. In order to solve the issue and make the department efficient, I am very much convinced that an immediate action is required. I would like to discuss this issue with two secretaries. The aim would be to convince both of them that team work is more important than an individual responsibility. Since this is a new approach to handle the situation, initially, I will assign the work. The current practice of work assignment will be changed and the work will be considered as a department work rather than individual. The same will be conveyed to the executive members. This change will result in no overtime and improved work quality for sure. How to cite Unbalanced work, Essay examples

Out,Out By Robert Frost Essay Example For Students

Out,Out By Robert Frost Essay Kendal Kelly AP Lit 1st BlockMs. BinghamMarch 4, 2001Necessity vs. SelfishnessRobert Frost’s insightful yet tragic poem â€Å"Out, Out† employs realistic imagery and the personification of a buzz saw to depict how people must continue onward with their lives after the death of a loved one, while also hinting at the selfish nature of the human race, whom oftentimes show concern only for themselves. The poem narrates the story of a boy who dies as a result of accidentally cutting off his hand with a buzz saw in his own yard. Frost employs imagery to reveal the setting, the boy’s â€Å"yard† in â€Å"Vermont† right before â€Å"sunset†, using vivid detail to describe the â€Å"five mountain ranges† within eyesight of the yard. The narrator foreshadows the tragic event to come when he â€Å"wishes† that the workers would have â€Å"called it a day† and â€Å"given† the boy â€Å"the half hour that (he) counts so much when saved from work†, the adult responsibility of cutting wood with a buzz saw. While â€Å"nothing was happening†, the boy’s sister comes out to tell he and the other workers that â€Å"supper† is ready. The boy, in his excitement at the signal to end the day’s work, accidentally cuts himself with the treacherous buzz saw. Frost reveals a sense of the boy’s pain by employing the oxymoron â€Å"rueful laugh†, displaying both the boy’s extreme surprise and deep sorrow at the near-amputation of his hand. Frost continues to depict the shocking scene by describing the boy’s reaction as he â€Å"holds up the hand, half in appeal†¦half as if to keep the life from spilling† from his body. The adult responsibilities the boy has been faced with, combined with the horrific mangling of his own hand, lead to the boy’s own terrible revelation that â€Å"all† will soon â€Å"spoil†, which foreshadows y et the next tragedy, the death of the boy. Frost utilizes dialogue to convey the boy’s pleading voice as he begs his sister to not let the doctor â€Å"cut his hand off†. The syntax Frost chose was specifically selected to reflect the boy’s life as it begins to diminish. Compared with the first few lines of the poem, the concluding ones consist of short, choppy sentences as death closes in on the boy. The doctor arrives and gives the boy â€Å"ether†, an anesthetic, after which Frost describes the boy’s breathing as shallow and weakening while he â€Å"lay and puffed his lips out with his breath†. Frost paints such real images with his words that the reader can almost see as â€Å"the watcher at (the boy’s) pulse†¦listens to his heart† as the beating fades from â€Å"little† to â€Å"less† to â€Å"nothing†, which â€Å"ends† the boy’s life. The theme does not become clear to the reader u ntil the last sentence, depicting how the family and friends â€Å"are not the one dead†, so they â€Å"turn to their affairs†, and proceed on with their lives. Frost conveys the necessity of how people must go on, even after a tragedy such as the death of a loved one, because life continues, and so must they. Even though going on with life is a necessity, the speed in which the family and friends proceed to do so causes the reader to wonder what their motives arenecessity or selfishness. Frost personifies the buzz saw so that it seems to come alive with a will of its own. The phrase â€Å"snarled and rattled† repeats three times throughout the poem to depict an image of the buzz saw whirring back and forth. At times â€Å"it runs light, or has to bear a load†, which conveys the saw as a living being that must carry something. Frost gives the buzz saw an ominous air, a will of its own, when it â€Å"leaps out at the boy’s hand† â€Å"as if to prove saws know what supper means†. In this way, Frost shies away from the fact that the boy brings death upon himself by getting momentarily distracted from cutting the wood, accenting blame on an inanimate object. Along with faulting the buzz saw, the reader can also cast blame on the parents for making the boy, â€Å"a child at heart†, take on adult responsibility to â€Å"do a man’s work†, which results in